Convert data.frame columns from factors to characters

Question

I have a data frame. Let\'s call him bob:

> head(bob)
                 phenotype                         exclusion
GSM399350 3- 4- 8- 25- 44+         


        

Answer 1

Another way is to convert it using apply

bob2 <- apply(bob,2,as.character)

And a better one (the previous is of class 'matrix')

bob2 <- as.data.frame(as.matrix(bob),stringsAsFactors=F)