Passing a global variable to a function

Question

How come the following code is giving me a 0 instead of a 1? I want my function to change a variable declared outside the function but I do not want to specify the variable

Answer 1

That's because you are passing the variable by value, not by reference.

In javascript, all variables are passed by value, except objects, which are passed by reference (well, in fact they are passed by value too but they are a reference, see below).

And you can't change that behaviour.

Edit: If you don't know what passing by value/reference means, you should read a tutorial. But here you have some examples:

• Variable passed by value

  function foo(bar){
     console.log(bar); // 1
     bar++;
     console.log(bar); // 2
  }
  var mybar = 1;
  console.log(mybar); // 1
  foo(mybar);
  console.log(mybar); // 1
  

• Variable passed by (value but used as a) reference

  function foo(bar){
     console.log(bar.a); // 'b'
     bar.a = 'c';
     console.log(bar.a); // 'c'
  }
  var mybar = {a:'b'};
  console.log(mybar.a); // 'b'
  foo(mybar);
  console.log(mybar.a); // 'c'
  

In your case

You can do

• Make your variable a property of an object (in your case, since it's a global variable, use window) and pass the object (reference), so you can alter it

  window.that = 0;
  function go(obj) {
      obj.that++;
  }
  go(window);
  console.log(that); // 1
  

• Use a return value

  var that = 0;
  function go(input) {
      return input++;
  }
  that = go(that);
  console.log(that); // 1
  

Note that you can't do

• Convert your variable into an object

  var that = new Number(0); // Now it's an object number
  function go(input) {
      input++;
  }
  go(that);
  that *= 1; // Now it's a literal number
  console.log(that); // 0
  

  That's because objects are passed by value too, but they are a reference. That means that inside the function you can change the properties of the outer object (because it's a reference) but you can't change the entire object, because it's passed by value.

  See examples here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/3638034/1529630