Counting inversions in an array

Question

I\'m designing an algorithm to do the following: Given array A[1... n], for every i < j, find all inversion pairs such that A[i] > A[j]

Answer 1

Implementation of counting inversions in an array with merge sort in Swift:

Note that the number of swaps is incremented by

nSwaps += mid + 1 - iL 

(which is the relative length of the left side of the array minus the index of the current element in the left side)

... because that is the number of elements which the element in the right side of the array had to skip over (# of inversions) to become sorted.

func merge(arr: inout [Int], arr2: inout [Int], low: Int, mid: Int, high: Int) -> Int {
    var nSwaps = 0;

    var i = low;
    var iL = low;
    var iR = mid + 1;

    while iL <= mid && iR <= high {
        if arr2[iL] <= arr2[iR] {
            arr[i] = arr2[iL]
            iL += 1
            i += 1
        } else {
            arr[i] = arr2[iR]
            nSwaps += mid + 1 - iL
            iR += 1
            i += 1
        }
    }

    while iL <= mid {
        arr[i] = arr2[iL]
        iL += 1
        i += 1
    }

    while iR <= high {
        arr[i] = arr2[iR]
        iR += 1
        i += 1
    }

    return nSwaps
}

func mergeSort(arr: inout [Int]) -> Int {
    var arr2 = arr
    let nSwaps = mergeSort(arr: &arr, arr2: &arr2, low: 0, high: arr.count-1)
    return nSwaps
}

func mergeSort(arr: inout [Int], arr2: inout [Int], low: Int, high: Int) -> Int {

    if low >= high {
        return 0
    }

    let mid = low + ((high - low) / 2)

    var nSwaps = 0;
    nSwaps += mergeSort(arr: &arr2, arr2: &arr, low: low, high: mid)
    nSwaps += mergeSort(arr: &arr2, arr2: &arr, low: mid+1, high: high)
    nSwaps += merge(arr: &arr, arr2: &arr2, low: low, mid: mid, high: high)

    return nSwaps
}

var arrayToSort: [Int] = [2, 1, 3, 1, 2]
let nSwaps = mergeSort(arr: &arrayToSort)

print(arrayToSort) // [1, 1, 2, 2, 3]
print(nSwaps) // 4