ft2build.h is located here:
C:\\Program Files\\GnuWin32\\include
Initially, I made the same mistake as here:
Fatal
I was able to solve this on Windows by doing the following:
set INCLUDE=%INCLUDE%;C:\tmp\msvcr90-x32
set LIB=%LIB%;C:\tmp\msvcr90-x32
pip.exe install matplotlib
The link libraries for Freetype on windows can be found here: http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#matplotlib (from meawoppl's comment)
Just download the "matplotlib‑1.x‑windows‑link‑libraries.zip", and open the README from the zip.