SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_student_id NUMBER := &sv_student_id;
v_section_id NUMBER := 89;
v_final_grade NUMBER;
v_letter_grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
When you are selecting INTO a variable and there are no records returned you should get a NO DATA FOUND error. I believe the correct way to write the above code would be to wrap the SELECT statement with it's own BEGIN/EXCEPTION/END block. Example:
...
v_final_grade NUMBER;
v_letter_grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT final_grade
INTO v_final_grade
FROM enrollment
WHERE student_id = v_student_id
AND section_id = v_section_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
v_final_grade := NULL;
END;
CASE -- outer CASE
WHEN v_final_grade IS NULL THEN
...