With GitHub for Windows, you can \"publish\" a branch, and then \"sync\" that branch to GitHub.
Since the above answer was more than two years ago, an updated answer to this question is: due to some bugs with rebase, the "sync" button does not do git pull --rebase anymore. Instead, it does git pull which will do merge if there are conflicts, according to this release notes (see release 1.3.0).
The link above is not available at this time. Here is the new release notes.