Algorithm for sampling without replacement?

Question

I am trying to test the likelihood that a particular clustering of data has occurred by chance. A robust way to do this is Monte Carlo simulation, in which the associations

Answer 1

A C++ working code based on the answer by John D. Cook.

#include 
#include 

double GetUniform()
{
    static std::default_random_engine re;
    static std::uniform_real_distribution Dist(0,1);
    return Dist(re);
}

// John D. Cook, https://stackoverflow.com/a/311716/15485
void SampleWithoutReplacement
(
    int populationSize,    // size of set sampling from
    int sampleSize,        // size of each sample
    std::vector & samples  // output, zero-offset indicies to selected items
)
{
    // Use Knuth's variable names
    int& n = sampleSize;
    int& N = populationSize;

    int t = 0; // total input records dealt with
    int m = 0; // number of items selected so far
    double u;

    while (m < n)
    {
        u = GetUniform(); // call a uniform(0,1) random number generator

        if ( (N - t)*u >= n - m )
        {
            t++;
        }
        else
        {
            samples[m] = t;
            t++; m++;
        }
    }
}

#include 
int main(int,char**)
{
  const size_t sz = 10;
  std::vector< int > samples(sz);
  SampleWithoutReplacement(10*sz,sz,samples);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++ ) {
    std::cout << samples[i] << "\t";
  }

  return 0;
}