I read the following Stack Overflow questions, and I understand the differences between bitwise and logical.
Difference between & and && in
They are two very different operators.
When you want two conditions to simultaneously be true, you use the logical &&. For example, I want to print out "happy birthday" only if the person's birthday is today && they have money in the account. This is used whenever we want to perform composition of two or more conditions, mostly in if statements and loop conditions (although not exclusively).
When you want to perform bitwise operations (which in day-to-day PHP programming is much more rare), you use the bitwise &. This is far more rare, and you might be performing bitwise masking (I doubt it though), so you might only want a result that both integers represent, in which case you can say newAttribute = attribute1 & attribute2;.