With the following query, we can get a list of column names and datatype of a table in PostgreSQL.
Updated Pratik answer to support more schemas and nullables:
SELECT
"pg_attribute".attname as "Column",
pg_catalog.format_type("pg_attribute".atttypid, "pg_attribute".atttypmod) as "Datatype",
not("pg_attribute".attnotnull) AS "Nullable"
FROM
pg_catalog.pg_attribute "pg_attribute"
WHERE
"pg_attribute".attnum > 0
AND NOT "pg_attribute".attisdropped
AND "pg_attribute".attrelid = (
SELECT "pg_class".oid
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class "pg_class"
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace "pg_namespace" ON "pg_namespace".oid = "pg_class".relnamespace
WHERE
"pg_namespace".nspname = 'schema'
AND "pg_class".relname = 'table'
);