The project is an ASP.NET MVC Web App targeting the .NET Framework 4.6.1.
All of a sudden (some NuGet packages were upgraded) I started to get the following error du
I think the solution might be this issue on GitHub:
Try add netstandard reference in web.config like this:"
I realise you're using 4.6.1 but the choice of .NET 4.7.1 is significant as older Framework versions are not fully compatible with .NET Standard 2.0.
I know this from painful experience, when I introduced .NET Standard libraries I had a lot of issues with NUGET packages and references breaking. The other change you need to consider is upgrading to PackageReferences instead of package.config files.
See this guide and you might also want a tool to help the upgrade. It does require a late VS 15.7 version though.