When to use references vs. pointers

Question

I understand the syntax and general semantics of pointers versus references, but how should I decide when it is more-or-less appropriate to use references or pointers in an

Answer 1

For pointers, you need them to point to something, so pointers cost memory space.

For example a function that takes an integer pointer will not take the integer variable. So you will need to create a pointer for that first to pass on to the function.

As for a reference, it will not cost memory. You have an integer variable, and you can pass it as a reference variable. That's it. You don't need to create a reference variable specially for it.