I have a multi-module Maven project. For the sake of this example, consider two modules:
dataconsumerModul
Your Consumer project depends upon your Data project, therefore we are happy that Data must be built prior to Consumer. As a result, using the techniques suggested in the comments, I would ensure your Data project contains all the test code that you wish to share and configure the POM to produce a test JAR:
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-jar-plugin
2.2
test-jar
Your Consumer project would then depend upon both the normal Data JAR artifact, plus the additional test-jar artifact, with test scope of course:
com.foo
data
1.0
test-jar
test
I've used this approach on many occasions and it works well.