I have a Nexus 4 with Android 4.3 and I am trying to connect the device to a computer with Windows 7 64bit.
I installed the latest drivers and the latest adb>
For my Samsung S3, I had to go into Developer Options on the phone, untick the "USB debugging" checkbox, then re-tick it.
Then the dialog will appear, asking if you want to allow USB Debugging.
Once I'd done this, the "adb devices" command no longer showed "unauthorized" as my device name.
(Several months later..)
Actually, the same was true for connecting my Galaxy Tab S device, and the menu options were in slightly different places with Android 4.4.2:
