Why does Java think that the product of all numbers from 10 to 99 is 0?

Question

The following block of codes gives the output as 0.

public class HelloWorld{

    public static void main(String []args){
        int product = 1;
        fo         


        

Answer 1

It's because of integer overflow. When you multiply many even numbers together, the binary number gets a lot of trailing zeroes. When you have over 32 trailing zeroes for an int, it rolls over to 0.

To help you visualize this, here are the multiplications in hex calculated on a number type that won't overflow. See how the trailing zeroes slowly grow, and note that an int is made up of the last 8 hex-digits. After multiplying by 42 (0x2A), all 32 bits of an int are zeroes!

                                     1 (int: 00000001) * 0A =
                                     A (int: 0000000A) * 0B =
                                    6E (int: 0000006E) * 0C =
                                   528 (int: 00000528) * 0D =
                                  4308 (int: 00004308) * 0E =
                                 3AA70 (int: 0003AA70) * 0F =
                                36FC90 (int: 0036FC90) * 10 =
                               36FC900 (int: 036FC900) * 11 =
                              3A6C5900 (int: 3A6C5900) * 12 =
                             41B9E4200 (int: 1B9E4200) * 13 =
                            4E0CBEE600 (int: 0CBEE600) * 14 =
                           618FEE9F800 (int: FEE9F800) * 15 =
                          800CE9315800 (int: E9315800) * 16 =
                         B011C0A3D9000 (int: 0A3D9000) * 17 =
                        FD1984EB87F000 (int: EB87F000) * 18 =
                      17BA647614BE8000 (int: 14BE8000) * 19 =
                     25133CF88069A8000 (int: 069A8000) * 1A =
                    3C3F4313D0ABB10000 (int: ABB10000) * 1B =
                   65AAC1317021BAB0000 (int: 1BAB0000) * 1C =
                  B1EAD216843B06B40000 (int: 06B40000) * 1D =
                142799CC8CFAAFC2640000 (int: C2640000) * 1E =
               25CA405F8856098C7B80000 (int: C7B80000) * 1F =
              4937DCB91826B2802F480000 (int: 2F480000) * 20 =
             926FB972304D65005E9000000 (int: E9000000) * 21 =
           12E066E7B839FA050C309000000 (int: 09000000) * 22 =
          281CDAAC677B334AB9E732000000 (int: 32000000) * 23 =
         57BF1E59225D803376A9BD6000000 (int: D6000000) * 24 =
        C56E04488D526073CAFDEA18000000 (int: 18000000) * 25 =
      1C88E69E7C6CE7F0BC56B2D578000000 (int: 78000000) * 26 =
     43C523B86782A6DBBF4DE8BAFD0000000 (int: D0000000) * 27 =
    A53087117C4E76B7A24DE747C8B0000000 (int: B0000000) * 28 =
  19CF951ABB6C428CB15C2C23375B80000000 (int: 80000000) * 29 =
 4223EE1480456A88867C311A3DDA780000000 (int: 80000000) * 2A =
AD9E50F5D0B637A6610600E4E25D7B00000000 (int: 00000000)