How to sort in-place using the merge sort algorithm?

Question

I know the question is not too specific.

All I want is someone to tell me how to convert a normal merge sort into an in-place merge sort (or a merge sort with const

Answer 1

I just tried in place merge algorithm for merge sort in JAVA by using the insertion sort algorithm, using following steps.
1) Two sorted arrays are available.
2) Compare the first values of each array; and place the smallest value into the first array.
3) Place the larger value into the second array by using insertion sort (traverse from left to right).
4) Then again compare the second value of first array and first value of second array, and do the same. But when swapping happens there is some clue on skip comparing the further items, but just swapping required.

I have made some optimization here; to keep lesser comparisons in insertion sort.
The only drawback i found with this solutions is it needs larger swapping of array elements in the second array.

e.g)

First___Array : 3, 7, 8, 9

Second Array : 1, 2, 4, 5

Then 7, 8, 9 makes the second array to swap(move left by one) all its elements by one each time to place himself in the last.

So the assumption here is swapping items is negligible compare to comparing of two items.

https://github.com/skanagavelu/algorithams/blob/master/src/sorting/MergeSort.java

package sorting;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class MergeSort {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[] array = { 5, 6, 10, 3, 9, 2, 12, 1, 8, 7 };
    mergeSort(array, 0, array.length -1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));

    int[] array1 = {4, 7, 2};
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array1));
    mergeSort(array1, 0, array1.length -1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array1));
    System.out.println("\n\n");

    int[] array2 = {4, 7, 9};
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array2));
    mergeSort(array2, 0, array2.length -1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array2));
    System.out.println("\n\n");

    int[] array3 = {4, 7, 5};
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array3));
    mergeSort(array3, 0, array3.length -1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array3));
    System.out.println("\n\n");

    int[] array4 = {7, 4, 2};
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array4));
    mergeSort(array4, 0, array4.length -1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array4));
    System.out.println("\n\n");

    int[] array5 = {7, 4, 9};
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array5));
    mergeSort(array5, 0, array5.length -1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array5));
    System.out.println("\n\n");

    int[] array6 = {7, 4, 5};
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array6));
    mergeSort(array6, 0, array6.length -1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array6));
    System.out.println("\n\n");

    //Handling array of size two
    int[] array7 = {7, 4};
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array7));
    mergeSort(array7, 0, array7.length -1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array7));
    System.out.println("\n\n");

    int input1[] = {1};
    int input2[] = {4,2};
    int input3[] = {6,2,9};
    int input4[] = {6,-1,10,4,11,14,19,12,18};
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(input1));
    mergeSort(input1, 0, input1.length-1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(input1));
    System.out.println("\n\n");

    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(input2));
    mergeSort(input2, 0, input2.length-1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(input2));
    System.out.println("\n\n");

    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(input3));
    mergeSort(input3, 0, input3.length-1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(input3));
    System.out.println("\n\n");

    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(input4));
    mergeSort(input4, 0, input4.length-1);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(input4));
    System.out.println("\n\n");
}

private static void mergeSort(int[] array, int p, int r) {
    //Both below mid finding is fine.
    int mid = (r - p)/2 + p;
    int mid1 = (r + p)/2;
    if(mid != mid1) {
        System.out.println(" Mid is mismatching:" + mid + "/" + mid1+ "  for p:"+p+"  r:"+r);
    }

    if(p < r) {
        mergeSort(array, p, mid);
        mergeSort(array, mid+1, r);
//      merge(array, p, mid, r);
        inPlaceMerge(array, p, mid, r);
        }
    }

//Regular merge
private static void merge(int[] array, int p, int mid, int r) {
    int lengthOfLeftArray = mid - p + 1; // This is important to add +1.
    int lengthOfRightArray = r - mid;

    int[] left = new int[lengthOfLeftArray];
    int[] right = new int[lengthOfRightArray];

    for(int i = p, j = 0; i <= mid; ){
        left[j++] = array[i++];
    }

    for(int i = mid + 1, j = 0; i <= r; ){
        right[j++] = array[i++];
    }

    int i = 0, j = 0;
    for(; i < left.length && j < right.length; ) {
        if(left[i] < right[j]){
            array[p++] = left[i++];
        } else {
            array[p++] = right[j++];
        }
    }
    while(j < right.length){
        array[p++] = right[j++];
    } 
    while(i < left.length){
        array[p++] = left[i++];
    }
}

//InPlaceMerge no extra array
private static void inPlaceMerge(int[] array, int p, int mid, int r) {
    int secondArrayStart = mid+1;
    int prevPlaced = mid+1;
    int q = mid+1;
    while(p < mid+1 && q <= r){
        boolean swapped = false;
        if(array[p] > array[q]) {
            swap(array, p, q);
            swapped = true;
        }   
        if(q != secondArrayStart && array[p] > array[secondArrayStart]) {
            swap(array, p, secondArrayStart);
            swapped = true;
        }
        //Check swapped value is in right place of second sorted array
        if(swapped && secondArrayStart+1 <= r && array[secondArrayStart+1] < array[secondArrayStart]) {
            prevPlaced = placeInOrder(array, secondArrayStart, prevPlaced);
        }
        p++;
        if(q < r) {     //q+1 <= r) {
            q++;
        }
    }
}

private static int placeInOrder(int[] array, int secondArrayStart, int prevPlaced) {
    int i = secondArrayStart;
    for(; i < array.length; i++) {
        //Simply swap till the prevPlaced position
        if(secondArrayStart < prevPlaced) {
            swap(array, secondArrayStart, secondArrayStart+1);
            secondArrayStart++;
            continue;
        }
        if(array[i] < array[secondArrayStart]) {
            swap(array, i, secondArrayStart);
            secondArrayStart++;
        } else if(i != secondArrayStart && array[i] > array[secondArrayStart]){
            break;
        }
    }
    return secondArrayStart;
}

private static void swap(int[] array, int m, int n){
    int temp = array[m];
    array[m] = array[n];
    array[n] = temp;
}
}