Fastest way to determine if an integer's square root is an integer

Question

I\'m looking for the fastest way to determine if a long value is a perfect square (i.e. its square root is another integer):

1. I\'ve done it the ea

Answer 1

I checked all of the possible results when the last n bits of a square is observed. By successively examining more bits, up to 5/6th of inputs can be eliminated. I actually designed this to implement Fermat's Factorization algorithm, and it is very fast there.

public static boolean isSquare(final long val) {
   if ((val & 2) == 2 || (val & 7) == 5) {
     return false;
   }
   if ((val & 11) == 8 || (val & 31) == 20) {
     return false;
   }

   if ((val & 47) == 32 || (val & 127) == 80) {
     return false;
   }

   if ((val & 191) == 128 || (val & 511) == 320) {
     return false;
   }

   // if((val & a == b) || (val & c == d){
   //   return false;
   // }

   if (!modSq[(int) (val % modSq.length)]) {
        return false;
   }

   final long root = (long) Math.sqrt(val);
   return root * root == val;
}

The last bit of pseudocode can be used to extend the tests to eliminate more values. The tests above are for k = 0, 1, 2, 3