How to create the most compact mapping n → isprime(n) up to a limit N?

Question

Naturally, for bool isprime(number) there would be a data structure I could query.
I define the best algorithm, to be the algorithm that pr

Answer 1

I think one of the fastest is my method that I made.

void prime(long long int number) {
    // Establishing Variables
    long long int i = 5;
    int w = 2;
    const long long int lim = sqrt(number);

    // Gets 2 and 3 out of the way
    if (number == 1) { cout << number << " is hard to classify. \n";  return; }
    if (number == 2) { cout << number << " is Prime. \n";  return; }
    if (number == 3) { cout << number << " is Prime. \n";  return; }

    // Tests Odd Ball Factors
    if (number % 2 == 0) { cout << number << " is not Prime. \n";  return; }
    if (number % 3 == 0) { cout << number << " is not Prime. \n";  return; }

    while (i <= lim) {
        if (number % i == 0) { cout << number << " is not Prime. \n";  return; }
        // Tests Number
        i = i + w; // Increments number
        w = 6 - i; // We already tested 2 and 3
        // So this removes testing multepules of this
    }
    cout << number << " is Prime. \n"; return;
}