How to create the most compact mapping n → isprime(n) up to a limit N?

Question

Naturally, for bool isprime(number) there would be a data structure I could query.
I define the best algorithm, to be the algorithm that pr

Answer 1

Smallest memory? This isn't smallest, but is a step in the right direction.

class PrimeDictionary {
    BitArray bits;

    public PrimeDictionary(int n) {
        bits = new BitArray(n + 1);
        for (int i = 0; 2 * i + 3 <= n; i++) {
            bits.Set(i, CheckPrimality(2 * i + 3));
        }
    }

    public PrimeDictionary(IEnumerable primes) {
        bits = new BitArray(primes.Max());
        foreach(var prime in primes.Where(p => p != 2)) {
            bits.Set((prime - 3) / 2, true);
        }
    }

    public bool IsPrime(int k) {
        if (k == 2) {
            return true;
        }
        if (k % 2 == 0) {
            return false;
        }
        return bits[(k - 3) / 2];
    }
}

Of course, you have to specify the definition of CheckPrimality.