I understand the importance of list comprehensions, but do not understand their inner-workings, thus am not able to understand them in simpler terms such as I would a for lo
It's just a shorter way of expressing a list.
list
li = [row[index] for row in outer_list]
is equivalent to:
li = [] for row in outer_list: li.append(row[index])
Once you get used to the syntax, it becomes a tidy way of creating lists (and other iterables).