I am working on a Windows Phone 8 app and am trying to share content through the DataTransferManager. The Windows API documentation says it is supported in
The Windows 8 Share Contract isn't supported on WP8. There isn't even a Share charm on WP8. Why are you trying to use the DataTransferManager?
Instead of using the Share Contract, most usecases can work just fine with WP8 app2app custom protocols and file extensions. Using WP8 app you can transfer files and data across apps. Althrough the standardized contract of the Share Contract is gone, apps can create their own contracts using custom protocols and file extensions.
Here for example you can learn more about a real-world 3rd party implementation of Nokia Music custom protocols.