I am trying to install tensorflow on a linux server where I am just a user without the root permission. And I cannot transfer files to/from it as I ssh to it through a jump
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/MYNAME/dependency/glibc-2.16/lib
This answer explains why LD_LIBRARY_PATH doesn't work, and what you should do instead.
I read your post and tried ...
python: error while loading shared libraries: __vdso_time: invalid mode for dlopen(): Invalid argument
The error usually means that you have a mismatch between ld-linux and libc.so.6. They must match.
If you are using direct loader invocation via /home/MYNAME/.../ld-2.16.so, you must also arrange for /home/MYNAME/.../libc.so.6 to be loaded.
You can do that by passing --library-path ... to ld-2.16.so, or setting LD_LIBRARY_PATH appropriately.
Your command with ld-2.16 --library-path ... ls is almost correct. The thing you are missing is that ld-2.16 will not search your PATH. You need to give it full pathname: ld-2.16 --library-path ... /bin/ls.