I\'ve just started working with Cassandra (datastax), version 2.1.3 and cqlsh version 5.0.1.
Cassandra starts up fine and the cluster is operational instantly.
If you check the system.log file for cassandra in /var/log/cassandra, you will see that this problem occurs because the rpc server has not started.
By default, the start_rpc is set to false in the cassandra.yaml file. Set it to start_rpc: true and then try again.
From Cassandra 3.0 onwards, start_rpc is set to true by default. https://docs.datastax.com/en/cassandra/3.0/cassandra/configuration/configCassandra_yaml.html