I have developed an android app locally on my device (app not yet on android play store). I have the following logic to get deep link in MainActivity.
Google
As explained in another answer, your intent filter seems to have some problems. Also your url may have some problems. When I was playing with those, I had created faulty URL to FireBase web site without noticing it. It is possible to test you code by opening the whole url in your app. I wrote all urls to be tested to an email and sent to myself, open in the device and started clicking. After that you can create the url you want in FireBase. Below are few examples (typos and other errors possible):
If you clicked this url on your device:
https://.app.goo.gl/?link=https://mysite.fi/112972&apn=com.mydomain.myapp
and had this in you manifest:
It should open https://mysite.fi/112972 in your app (com.mydomain.myapp) and if you opened the link on your PC, it would open https://mysite.fi/112972 in the browser.
If you opened this url in your device:
https://.app.goo.gl/?link=https://mysite.fi/112972&apn=com.mydomain.myapp&al=myscheme://mydeeplink/112972&afl=http://fallback.fi
and had this in you manifest:
It would open myscheme://mydeeplink/112972 in your app (com.mydomain.myapp). You would need to have code for handling it. If the app is not installed, it would open http://fallback.fi in your browser. On the PC it would still open https://mysite.fi/112972.
(edit 19.3.2018) It seems that Firebase does not fully support 'al=' anymore. The code works, but it is missing from the documentation and Firebase console generated urls.