I am wrote and deployed a CXF web service into a Tomcat server using the instructions here. The web service deploys fine as I can see the WSDL file in a web browser.
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There was not an answer here that describes the root cause of this error message for my issue. We had transitive dependencies on both a new version woodstox-core-asl-4.2.0.jar and and old wstx-asl-3.2.1.jar
Excluding the old version from our build did the trick.
If you dig into the bowels of the old version, you'll find that it fails with an exception that ends up getting wrapped in another exception with this generic message that is not very informative.