Is it possible to write some C or C++ code and compile to binaries, then use those binaries with php? Is it also possible to write a php library using C and C++ ?
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You might want to check out SWIG, a general tool for wrapping libraries so that they may be called from a variety of languages. PHP is supported by SWIG, as are Perl and Lua (the targets I've personally used). Quoting from the features list at the SWIG website:
SWIG currently generates wrapper code for eighteen different target languages:
- Allegro CL
- C#
- CFFI
- CLISP
- Chicken
- Guile
- Java
- Lua
- Modula-3
- Mzscheme
- OCAML
- Octave
- Perl
- PHP
- Python
- R
- Ruby
- Tcl
- UFFI
In addition to this, the parse tree can be exported as XML and Lisp s-expressions. Experimental work is also available for a Pike module.
Some of its features are dependent on back-end support in the per-language wrapper generators, but in general it provides easy to use wrappers for passing all plain-data value types in and out of functions. Where the target language has the concept, it can usually map object models as well.