I have a simple .net core app and publish it by following command:
dotnet publish -c Release -r win10-x64
SqlLocalDbStarter.csproj
This documentation from Microsoft uses the same dotnet publish -c Release -r win10-x64
that you have used, and documents it as follows (emphasis added):
This creates a Release (rather than a Debug) version of your app for each target platform. The resulting files are placed in a subdirectory named publish that's in a subdirectory of your project's .\bin\Release\netcoreapp1.1 subdirectory. Note that each subdirectory contains the complete set of files (both your app files and all .NET Core files) needed to launch your app.
Along with your application's files, the publishing process emits a program database (.pdb) file that contains debugging information about your app. The file is useful primarily for debugging exceptions. You can choose not to package it with your application's files. You should, however, save it in the event that you want to debug the Release build of your app.
So the correct files to deploy are the ones in the publish
subdirectory. That directory is 60+ MB because it includes the .NET core libraries needed for self-contained deployment.