Generating shuffled range using a PRNG rather than shuffling

Question

Is there any known algorithm that can generate a shuffled range [0..n) in linear time and constant space (when output produced iteratively), given an arbitrary seed value?

Answer 1

Here is a Python implementation of the Linear Congruential Generator from FryGuy's answer. Because I needed to write it anyway and thought it might be useful for others.

import random
import math

def lcg(start, stop):
    N = stop - start

    # M is the next largest power of 2
    M = int(math.pow(2, math.ceil(math.log(N+1, 2))))

    # c is any odd number between 0 and M
    c = random.randint(0, M/2 - 1) * 2 + 1

    # M=2^m, so make (a-1) divisible by all prime factors and 4
    a = random.randint(0, M/4 - 1) * 4 + 1

    first = random.randint(0, M - 1)
    x = first
    while True:
        x = (a * x + c) % M
        if x < N:
            yield start + x
        if x == first:
            break

if __name__ == "__main__":
    for x in lcg(100, 200):
        print x,