multiple definition error including c++ header file with inline code from multiple sources

Question

I have a c++ header file containing a class. I want to use this class in several projects, bu I don\'t want to create a separate library for it, so I\'m putting both methods

Answer 1

Inside the class body is considered to be inline by the compiler. If you implement outside of body, but still in header, you have to mark the method as 'inline' explicitly.

namespace test_ns{

class TestClass{
public:
    inline void testMethod();
};

void TestClass::testMethod(){
    // some code here...
}

} // end namespace test_ns

Edit

For myself it often helps to solve these kinds of compile problems by realizing that the compiler does not see anything like a header file. Header files are preprocessed and the compiler just sees one huge file containing every line from every (recursively) included file. Normally the starting point for these recursive includes is a cpp source file that is being compiled. In our company, even a modest looking cpp file can be presented to the compiler as a 300000 line monster.

So when a method, that is not declared inline, is implemented in a header file, the compiler could end up seeing void TestClass::testMethod() {...} dozens of times in the preprocessed file. Now you can see that this does not make sense, same effect as you'd get when copy/pasting it multiple times in one source file. And even if you succeeded by only having it once in every compilation unit, by some form of conditional compilation ( e.g. using inclusion brackets ) the linker would still find this method's symbol to be in multiple compiled units ( object files ).