A few months ago this article pointed out that classes could actually be avoided all together from website development.
My question is, how efficient are the data s
I have the impression that the performance of the selectors are fast enough right now even in the mobile browsers out there. Unless you really plan to use selectors a lot, data-attributes or class based, (in which case I would suggest to revisit your code to try to cache the already queried selectors) we can consider them not that bad. And I would even say that is not dramatic to use style over the others.
I think browsers vendors have spent more time improving the most used scenario (query against classes) than querying against selectors. This is changing and I would not be surprised if they start optimizing other cases too.