I am encountering a problem with Android ADB debugging through USB.
Using Macbook Air 2013 and trying to connect Nexus 6 dev phone.
On the MAC Android Studio
If you have been accessing your device on virtual box and now trying to access it from your host OS, first you have to disconnect your device from the virtual box. To do that go to setting> USB > unchecked the device from list
Then unplug your phone first and replug it. Or kill and start the server using
>adb kill-server>adb start-server. It works for me.