Is there a simple algorithm that can determine if X is prime?

Question

I have been trying to work my way through Project Euler, and have noticed a handful of problems ask for you to determine a prime number as part of it.

1. I kno

Answer 1

The AKS prime testing algorithm:

Input: Integer n > 1  


if (n is has the form ab with b > 1) then output COMPOSITE  

r := 2  
while (r < n) {  
    if (gcd(n,r) is not 1) then output COMPOSITE  
    if (r is prime greater than 2) then {  
        let q be the largest factor of r-1  
        if (q > 4sqrt(r)log n) and (n(r-1)/q is not 1 (mod r)) then break  
    }  
    r := r+1  
}  

for a = 1 to 2sqrt(r)log n {  
    if ( (x-a)n is not (xn-a) (mod xr-1,n) ) then output COMPOSITE  
}  

output PRIME;