grep returns
Binary file test.log matches
For example
echo \"line1 re \\x00\\r\\nline2\\r\\nline3 re\\r\\n\" > test.log # in zsh
You could run the data file through cat -v, e.g
cat -v
$ cat -v tmp/test.log | grep re line1 re ^@^M line3 re^M
which could be then further post-processed to remove the junk; this is most analogous to your query about using tr for the task.
tr