What does new self(); mean in PHP?

Question

I\'ve never seen code like this:

public static function getInstance()
{
    if ( ! isset(self::$_instance)) {
        self::$_instance = new self();
    }
           


        

Answer 1

self points to the class in which it is written.

So, if your getInstance method is in a class name MyClass, the following line :

self::$_instance = new self();

Will do the same as :

self::$_instance = new MyClass();

---

Edit : a couple more informations, after the comments.

If you have two classes that extend each other, you have two situations :

• getInstance is defined in the child class
• getInstance is defined in the parent class

The first situation would look like this (I've removed all non-necessary code, for this example -- you'll have to add it back to get the singleton behavior)* :

class MyParentClass {

}
class MyChildClass extends MyParentClass {
    public static function getInstance() {
        return new self();
    }
}

$a = MyChildClass::getInstance();
var_dump($a);

Here, you'll get :

object(MyChildClass)#1 (0) { } 

Which means self means MyChildClass -- i.e. the class in which it is written.

For the second situation, the code would look like this :

class MyParentClass {
    public static function getInstance() {
        return new self();
    }
}
class MyChildClass extends MyParentClass {

}

$a = MyChildClass::getInstance();
var_dump($a);

And you'd get this kind of output :

object(MyParentClass)#1 (0) { }

Which means self means MyParentClass -- i.e. here too, the class in which it is written.

---

With PHP < 5.3, that "the class in which it is written" is important -- and can sometimes cause problems.

That's why PHP 5.3 introduces a new usage for the static keyword : it can now be used exactly where we used self in those examples :

class MyParentClass {
    public static function getInstance() {
        return new static();
    }
}
class MyChildClass extends MyParentClass {

}

$a = MyChildClass::getInstance();
var_dump($a);

But, with static instead of self, you'll now get :

object(MyChildClass)#1 (0) { } 

Which means that static sort of points to the class that is used (we used MyChildClass::getInstance()), and not the one in which it is written.

Of course, the behavior of self has not been changed, to not break existing applications -- PHP 5.3 just added a new behavior, recycling the static keyword.

And, speaking about PHP 5.3, you might want to take a look at the Late Static Bindings page of the PHP manual.