What is the maximum length of the alert text of an iOS push notification?
The documentation states that the notification payload has to be under 256 bytes in total,
The limit of the enhanced format notifications is documented here.
It explicitly states:
The payload must not exceed 256 bytes and must not be null-terminated.
ascandroli claims above that they were able to send messages with 1400 characters. My own testing with the new notification format showed that a message just 1 byte over the 256 byte limit was rejected. Given that the docs are very explicit on this point I suggest it is safer to use 256 regardless of what you may be able to achieve experimentally as there is no guarantee Apple won't change it to 256 in the future.
As for the alert text itself, if you can fit it in the 256 total payload size then it will be displayed by iOS. They truncate the message that shows up on the status bar, but if you open the notification center, the entire message is there. It even renders newline characters \n.