How do the Linux kernel developers test their code locally and after they have it committed? Do they use some kind of unit testing, build automation? test plans?
Once after contributers submit their patch files & after making merge request linux gatekeepers are checking the patch by integrating & review it.Once if it successs they will merge the patch into relevant branch & make new version release. Linux Test Project (https://github.com/linux-test-project/ltp) is the main source which provides test scenarios(Test Cases) to run against kernel after applying patches. This may take around 2 ~ 4 hours & depends. Please note regarding the file system of the Selected kernel is going to test against. Ex:Ext4 generates different results against EXT3 & so on.
Kernel Testing procedure.