It seems like you can do this:
db.yourCollection.update({"comments.user":"test"},{$set:{"comments.0.avatar": "new_avatar.jpg", "comments.1.avatar": "new_avatar.jpg", etc...})
So if you have a small known number of array elements, this might be a little easier to do. If you want something like "comments.*.avatar" - not sure how to do that. It is probably not that good that you have so much data duplication tho..