I want to add a class to any DOM element that is on the page now or in the future that has a specified class and meets some criteria
so for some pseudo code
You can't do this.
You'll have to do:
$('.location').filter(function () { return ($(this).find('input:first').val().substr(0, 1) == "!"); }).addClass('hidden');
To apply it to all currently elements on the page, and then manually add the 'hidden' class to future elements you add to the DOM.