As my question states, I would like to know what we call types of queries with that type of condition in the WHERE clause, i.e.:
SELECT * FROM m
WHERE (col1, col2) < (val1, val2)
Above syntax is called Row Value Constructor/tuple syntax/Row Subquery.
From doc
ANSI SQL row value constructor syntax, sometimes referred to AS tuple syntax, even though the underlying database may not support that notion. Here, we are generally referring to multi-valued comparisons, typically associated with components
Alternatively it can be called Row Subqueries