How can I open and view a .doc
file extension in my browser? The file is located on my server.
…
You will need a browser with a plugin for Office documents installed. I believe Microsoft Office will install one for at least Internet Explorer by default.
If you want to work without a plugin, then you will need to convert the document to another format — HTML for maximum compatibility. This isn't a trivial operation, especially for complex documents (or even those which just contain images).