Reading this question and the answer given by Eugene, I found that JDK9 immutable sets and maps will introduce a source of randomness that will affect their traversal. This
That quote and your thoughts around already make a strong argument in favor of doing this. So what else do you need?
In other words: one of the "fathers" of Java declares that their motivation for "random map/set order" is to "educate" Java programmers to not expect or even rely on any special order. Therefore the answer (probably opinionated is) - question your expectation.
The people in charge told you about their thoughts to do this. There is no reason to assume that they are "hiding" other motivation for this design decision.
To the contrary: one could probably find arguments against spending extra effort to achieve this amount of randomness - the JVM is probably spending quite some extra CPU cycles - just to achieve indeterministic behavior (something that we normally try to avoid at all cost).