After peeking around the internet it looks like it is possible to interop between C# and Matlab. I am wondering if anyone has had success with it and what they did to do so.
Yes, I managed to do that and it was mostly painless.
You'd have to compile your MATLAB code for .NET (as explained in pervious answers), run MCR installer, reference MWArray.dll and the complied code dll in your .NET project and off you go.
The only annoyance was the casting (and sometimes multiple castings!) that the interface forces on you (using explicit in the cast operators)