How can I see parse tree, intermediate code, optimization code and assembly code during COMPILATION?

Question

I am studying Compilers course, compilation of program follows below steps

1. Lexical analysis
2. Syntax analysis
3. Semantic analysis
4. Interm

Answer 1

From the point of view of the clang compiler, you can not see each and every output that is generated by the compiler. This is because clang works in a different way compared to other compilers.

Lexical analysis

The tokens can be emitted through:

clang test.c -Xclang -dump-tokens
clang test.c -Xclang -dump-raw-tokens

Intermediate code generation

The byte code can be emitted through: clang test.c -S -emit-llvm

Semantic analysis

The semantic analysis is simultaneously performed while the AST is being generated. The AST can be emitted through:

clang test.c -Xclang -ast-dump
clang test.c -Xclang -ast-view (this generates a graph for the textual AST)

Code optimization

You can query code optimizations through printing the optimization pipeline as it is applied to the c-code:

clang test.c -S -mllvm -print-after-all

Target code generation

The generated code (i.e. the assembly output) can be viewed through:

clang test.c -S

Bonus

You can also see the complete pipeline that clang invokes for a program. For example, the pipeline for emitting an object file can be viewd through:

clang -ccc-print-phases test.c -c

The output generated on the terminal is:

0: input, "test.c", c
1: preprocessor, {0}, cpp-output
2: compiler, {1}, ir
3: backend, {2}, assembler
4: assembler, {3}, object