Ordinal position notation, AKA ordinals, is column shorthand based on the column order in the list of columns in the SELECT cla
The two use cases for me are:
CASE statement; rather than retyping the CASE statement for the ORDER BY clause, I use the ordinal which keeps it DRY. There are ways around this, e.g., using CTEs, subqueries, or view, but I often find the ordinal is the simplest solution.