Are const_iterators faster?

Question

Our coding guidelines prefer const_iterator, because they are a little faster compared to a normal iterator. It seems like the compiler optimizes t

Answer 1

They should be identical, as constness is a compile-time check.

To prove to myself there were no quirks, I took anon's code, modified it to use clock_gettime, added an outer loop to avoid caching biases, and ran it many times. Results were surprisingly inconsistent - up and down by 20% (no idle boxes available) - but minimum times for both iterator and const_iterator were practically identical.

I then got my compiler (GCC 4.5.2 -O3) to generate assembly output and visually compared the two loops: identical (except that the order of a couple register loads was reversed)

iterator loop

    call    clock_gettime
    movl    56(%esp), %esi
    movl    $10, %ecx
    movl    60(%esp), %edx
    .p2align 4,,7
    .p2align 3
.L35:
    cmpl    %esi, %edx
    je  .L33
    movl    %esi, %eax    .p2align 4,,7
    .p2align 3
.L34:
    addl    (%eax), %ebx
    addl    $4, %eax
    cmpl    %eax, %edx
    jne .L34
.L33:
    subl    $1, %ecx
    jne .L35
    leal    68(%esp), %edx
    movl    %edx, 4(%esp)
    leal    56(%esp), %esi
    movl    $1, (%esp)

const_iterator loop:

    movl    60(%esp), %edx
    movl    $10, %ecx
    movl    56(%esp), %esi
    .p2align 4,,7
    .p2align 3
.L38:
    cmpl    %esi, %edx
    je  .L36
    movl    %esi, %eax
    .p2align 4,,7
    .p2align 3
.L37:
    addl    (%eax), %ebx
    addl    $4, %eax
    cmpl    %eax, %edx
    jne .L37
.L36:
    subl    $1, %ecx
    jne .L38
    leal    68(%esp), %edx
    movl    %edx, 4(%esp)
    leal    56(%esp), %esi
    movl    $1, (%esp)