I just wanted to try out some shaders on a flat image. Turns out that writing a C program, which just takes a picture as a texture and applies, let\'s say a gaussian blur, a
I was in a similar position about a year and a half ago. I quickly found a simple tutorial and source code for using GLSL.. but I did have to get GLUT and GLEW working, and I think I ended up compiling at least one of those myself. Since I was using Windows (and Windows is somewhat of a non-standard special case which is rarely given full treatment by open projects), it also involved a ridiculous process where I was expected to manually copy and paste DLL's and header files to certain common locations. It's always a pain and I've lost a good chunk of my life doing that sort of thing, but I trudged through the process as directed and it worked out in the end as is generally the case.
Anyway, the most convenient shader example using GLSL that I can find right now is this one - http://www.lighthouse3d.com/opengl/glsl/index.php?minimal
It doesn't specifically modify a texture as you wish.. but in my experience, once you get code like this compiling and running the experience will be more enjoyable and you'll quickly make progress and be able to splice in pieces from other tutorials if necessary. I can say that once I got an example running, I used that same framework to quickly solve many problems at home and work.
I'm sorry to say that it does make use of GLUT and GLEW. If you get a better answer to this question, I too will become an instant fan of whichever site offers the code. Good luck.