python: deque vs list performance comparison

Question

In python docs I can see that deque is a special collection highly optimized for poping/adding items from left or right sides. E.g. documentation says:

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Answer 1

Could anyone explain me what I did wrong here

Yes, your timing is dominated by the time to create the list or deque. The time to do the pop is insignificant in comparison.

Instead you should isolate the thing you're trying to test (the pop speed) from the setup time:

In [1]: from collections import deque

In [2]: s = list(range(1000))

In [3]: d = deque(s)

In [4]: s_append, s_pop = s.append, s.pop

In [5]: d_append, d_pop = d.append, d.pop

In [6]: %timeit s_pop(); s_append(None)
10000000 loops, best of 3: 115 ns per loop

In [7]: %timeit d_pop(); d_append(None)
10000000 loops, best of 3: 70.5 ns per loop

That said, the real differences between deques and list in terms of performance are:

• Deques have O(1) speed for appendleft() and popleft() while lists have O(n) performance for insert(0, value) and pop(0).

• List append performance is hit and miss because it uses realloc() under the hood. As a result, it tends to have over-optimistic timings in simple code (because the realloc doesn't have to move data) and really slow timings in real code (because fragmentation forces realloc to move all the data). In contrast, deque append performance is consistent because it never reallocs and never moves data.