To increase font-size in Xcode is a pain.
I also found that you can change the fonts for printing which is controlled by the "Printing" theme. I wanted the print output to be the same as the default, but with a larger font.
rename "printing" to "printing1" (select the printing theme and click on it and it should allow you to change the name).
click the "+" and select "Default" from the "New Theme From Template" selection
rename it "Printing"
click in the font area for "Source Editor" and cmd-A to select all of the fonts
change the font size to some desired value (I like 12 point) by clicking the "T" icon and selecting the desired font size
After this the printouts should match the new "Printing" template (i.e. in color and bigger, or however you make the template), the key is that printing takes its formating from the "Printing" Theme.