There are some topics here that are very helpful on how to find similar pictures.
What I want to do is to get a fingerprint of a picture and find the same picture on
Min-Hash or min-Hashing is a technique that might help you. It encodes the whole image in a representation with adjustable size that is then stored in hash tables. Several variants like Geometric min-Hashing, Partition min-Hash and Bundle min-Hashing do exist. The resulting memory footprint is not one of the smallest but these techniques works for a variety of scenarios such as near-duplicate retrieval and even small object retrieval - a scenario where other short signatures often do not perform very well.
There are several papers on this topic. Entry literature would be: Near Duplicate Image Detection: min-Hash and tf-idf Weighting Ondrej Chum, James Philbin, Andrew Zisserman, BMVC 2008 PDF