What's the difference between process.cwd() vs __dirname?

Question

What\'s the difference between

console.log(process.cwd())

and

console.log(__dirname);

I\'ve seen both use

Answer 1

As per node js doc process.cwd()

cwd is a method of global object process, returns a string value which is the current working directory of the Node.js process.

As per node js doc __dirname

The directory name of current script as a string value. __dirname is not actually a global but rather local to each module.

Let me explain with example,

suppose we have a main.js file resides inside C:/Project/main.js and running node main.js both these values return same file

or simply with following folder structure

Project 
├── main.js
└──lib
   └── script.js

main.js

console.log(process.cwd())
// C:\Project
console.log(__dirname)
// C:\Project
console.log(__dirname===process.cwd())
// true

suppose we have another file script.js files inside a sub directory of project ie C:/Project/lib/script.js and running node main.js which require script.js

main.js

require('./lib/script.js')
console.log(process.cwd())
// C:\Project
console.log(__dirname)
// C:\Project
console.log(__dirname===process.cwd())
// true

script.js

console.log(process.cwd())
// C:\Project
console.log(__dirname)
// C:\Project\lib
console.log(__dirname===process.cwd())
// false