What is Hindley-Milner?

Question

I encountered this term Hindley-Milner, and I\'m not sure if grasp what it means.

I\'ve read the following posts:

• Steve Yegge - Dynamic Language

Answer 1

Simple Hindley-Milner type inference implementation in C# :

Hindley-Milner type inference over (Lisp-ish) S-expressions, in under 650 lines of C#

Note the implementation is in the range of only 270 or so lines of C# (for the algorithm W proper and the few data structures to support it, anyway).

Usage excerpt:

    // ...

    var syntax =
        new SExpressionSyntax().
        Include
        (
            // Not-quite-Lisp-indeed; just tolen from our host, C#, as-is
            SExpressionSyntax.Token("\\/\\/.*", SExpressionSyntax.Commenting),
            SExpressionSyntax.Token("false", (token, match) => false),
            SExpressionSyntax.Token("true", (token, match) => true),
            SExpressionSyntax.Token("null", (token, match) => null),

            // Integers (unsigned)
            SExpressionSyntax.Token("[0-9]+", (token, match) => int.Parse(match)),

            // String literals
            SExpressionSyntax.Token("\\\"(\\\\\\n|\\\\t|\\\\n|\\\\r|\\\\\\\"|[^\\\"])*\\\"", (token, match) => match.Substring(1, match.Length - 2)),

            // For identifiers...
            SExpressionSyntax.Token("[\\$_A-Za-z][\\$_0-9A-Za-z\\-]*", SExpressionSyntax.NewSymbol),

            // ... and such
            SExpressionSyntax.Token("[\\!\\&\\|\\<\\=\\>\\+\\-\\*\\/\\%\\:]+", SExpressionSyntax.NewSymbol)
        );

    var system = TypeSystem.Default;
    var env = new Dictionary();

    // Classic
    var @bool = system.NewType(typeof(bool).Name);
    var @int = system.NewType(typeof(int).Name);
    var @string = system.NewType(typeof(string).Name);

    // Generic list of some `item' type : List
    var ItemType = system.NewGeneric();
    var ListType = system.NewType("List", new[] { ItemType });

    // Populate the top level typing environment (aka, the language's "builtins")
    env[@bool.Id] = @bool;
    env[@int.Id] = @int;
    env[@string.Id] = @string;
    env[ListType.Id] = env["nil"] = ListType;

    //...

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